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casule

.
Searchable Lemmata: casula (L), casulus (L), casul (OE), casal (Ir), casul (W), casule (MdE).
Alternate Forms: casail, casair, casla, casul, cassulus.

    Definitions and Defining Citations:

Note(n.) Other; Probably originally meaning a small covering, casula is the diminuitive of Latin casa, a hut or house (see the following attestation from Isidore). During the medieval period the term began to be used specifically to refer to an outer garment (sense 1a) and then to an ecclesiastical vestment (sense 1b). It is primarily with the latter sense that the term spreads from the Latin into various languages of the British Isles.
1. Casula est vestis cucullata, dicta per diminutionem a casa, quod totum hominem tegat quasi minor casa. Inde et cuculla, quasi minor cella. Sic et Graece planetas, dicta quia oris errantibus evagantur. Vnde et stellae planetae, id est vagae, eo quod vago sui errore motuque discurrunt. [DOE ISID. Etym. (19,24,17)]
2. Casa ł casula insæte hus ł lytel hus.Note the relationship to the Isidore citation above [DOE AntGl 6 (Kindschi) (062200 (622))]
L; Primarily N/A.
Sex: N/A    Use: n/a    Ceremonial: No
Body Parts: N/A.
1a(n.) Garment; cloak; a sleeveless outer garment sometimes having a hood. Casula was originally associated with classical Latin pænula, a simple, round outer garment with a hole for the head. Some uses of the term are difficult to distinguish from Sense 1b.(ante 700 - ante 1300 ?)
1. Casula est vestis cucullata, dicta per diminutionem a casa, quod totum hominem tegat quasi minor casa. Inde et cuculla, quasi minor cella. Sic et Graece planetas, dicta quia oris errantibus evagantur. Vnde et stellae planetae, id est vagae, eo quod vago sui errore motuque discurrunt.covering the whole person. [DOE ISID. Etym. (19,24,17)]
2. casla: heden [DOE CorpGl 2 (Hessels) (1423 (3.224))]
3. casulam cytan ? cot. [DOE CuthGl 1 (Meritt) (001900 (19))]
4. Byrrum casul. Gloss. [DOE HlGl (Oliphant) (032800 (B553))]
5. Casula cuculla. Cassuis causuis. [DOE HlGl (Oliphant) (060200 (C468))]
6. vestes cum casulaEcgberht, Archb. of York [ob. 766] [DMLBS EGB. (Pont.)]
7. [an. 1251] querat ... ornamenta capelle Margarete filie regis, vis. ... vestimenta, tunicam, dalmaticam, dublicem casulam, viz. festivale et feriale (sic) ... [an. 1256] quando opus fuerit de grosso vario et scendallo Accounts. [DMLBS Cl (1) 1251/1256]
8. Plu yw ei gasul i'n plith [am y ceiliog bronfraith]In reference to the feathers of a bird. [GPC GDG (81, 8) circa 1350]
9. Os o brudd y’m gwarthruddiawdd / Yngod, cyfadnabod cawdd, / Asur a chadas gasul, / Eisiau gwin ar ei min mul. [GPC GDG (341, 28, 53-56) circa 1350]
10. statuerunt ut ... casula Patricii esset circa magum et casula magi circa puerum PatriciiNova Legenda Angliae, collected by J. Tynemouth [ob. c1384] [DMLBS NLA ((Patrick) II 283)]
11. alter, ad illam accedens, cilicium quo induebatur leniter exuit et casula bissina una cum tunica coccinea cum clamide quoque auro constexta decnter illam ornans dixit ...Nova Legenda Angliae, collected by J. Tynemouth [ob. c1384] [DMLBS NLA ((Kenya) 103)]
12. haec cassula : coc[h]all [eDIL Ir. Gl. (121) circa 1450/1500]
13. pro ... ix ulnis de fustina pro j casula ad capellam domini regis [DMLBS ExchScot (385) 1458]
14. casalda .i. penula , cas[h]al [eDIL Thes. (ii 230)]
15. casal a cassala [eDIL Corm. Y (252)]
16. Ó doleicter immasech cranna fanna for cach leth nípo decmait casal cró for crund a duirnd Diarmató.From Siaburchapat Con Culaind. [eDIL LU (9687-9690)]
c.f.: cloak, cowl, paenula
Ir, L, W; Primarily N/A.
Sex: Male, Female    Use: n/a    Ceremonial: No
Body Parts: Back, Chest, Entire Body, Shoulder(s), Waist.
1b(n.) Garment; chasuble. According to the OED (2nd ed.), the earliest identified use of the word casula to describe the ecclesiastical garment seems to have been from the Sacramentary of St. Gregory, in the 8th or 9th century. See the entry for chasuble.(ante 700 - circa 1850)
1. casula : mæssehacele [DOE ÆGl (087300 (314.11))]
2. Byrrum : casul Gloss. [DOE HlGl (Oliphant) (0328 (B553))]
3. casula, quam misisti, ... utar in missarum solemniis [DMLBS ALCUIN (Ep. 265) 803]
4. venit ad locum quo abbas ... missae perfecit officium. ... at ille, tollens casulam a se qua indutus fuerat . . [DMLBS V. Osw. (440) circa 833]
5. offero secretario ... monestarii ... clamidem cocineam, qua indutus eram in coronatione mea, ad capam inde sive casulam faciendam Ecclesiastic/Regula. [CS 409 (var. cappa 5a)] [DMLBS RegulC ([CS 409] 34) circa 833]
6. Hic uestes cum casula. Induet te dominus uestimentum salutis et coronam laetitiae ponat super caput tuum.In the same pontifical, the garment is referred to as a planet in a list of garments conferred upon a deacon or a presbiter. [LexP Egbert Pont. (Banting) (28) circa 950]
7. stola cum fanone et casula albi coloris [DMLBS Chr. Abingd. (I 462 ) circa 1052]
8. In nostris autem sacerdotibus, predictis uestimentis superponitur casula, que alio nomine dicitur planeta. Et est conmunis uestis maiorum et minorum sacerdotum. Et significat caritatem que est quasi operimentum et figura omnium aliarum uirtutum. Et ideo casula superponitur omnibus aliis indumentis, quia caritas eminentior est omnibus aliis uirtutibus. Sicut ait apostolus: adhuc eminentiorem uiam uobis demonstro, scilicet caritatem.Continental attestation. [LexP Tho. Chobham Summa virt. (cap.2, line 413) circa 1220]
9. planetam: pleyn (D) pal (T) pal hairunner (A) / casulam: chape close (CO) cap et pal close (A) cape close (D) chap close (L) pal vel cape cloce (T) ... reculas: de beubelés, beubelés vel jueus, beubloss [sic] , bebielés ... birri: cherouns ... levitonaria: escapeloris, heykis, ekies, heykes, scapoloris, happruns ... armilausas: espaulers, apaulers ... galearia: garland de or (var. chapeus de feutre) Gloss. Found in Adam de Petit Pont's 'De Utensilibus,' in juxtaposition with planete. [AND TLL (ii 50) circa 1275/1299]
10. mateaxas: ceren[c]les, hechilis ... casula: un chensel ... armilausas: (vestes tegentes armos .i. scapulos) espalés ... biri: vestur, gironet (l. gironer) ... collobia: frocs, gulunis Gloss. Cheinsil (AN), cf. chaisil, generally refers to a fine linen cloth and articles made from that cloth. [AND TLL (ii 60) ante 1300]
11. j casula rubea per se cum alba et amita, stola et phanone rubea Accounts. [DMLBS Invent. Norw. (I 17) 1368]
12. Casula, que, in alio nomine planeta, aliis vestibus superponitur, [signat] caritatem, que ceteras uirtutes excellit.'Qualiter vestes sacerdotales instruunt sacerdotes' from a continental source. [MED Spec.Chr.(1) (181, 25-27) circa 1400]
13. chesabylle ; casula, infula, planeta Gloss. [MED Cath.Angl. ((Monson 168) 62) circa 1483]
14. casair fuilt find imme [eDIL BCC (388.14)]
15. Gabuidh Ciarán in casal uime, & is amlaid sin tancatar cusan recles, et is e sin casal Ciaráin iníu. Biblical/Hagiographic. from Betha Shenain meic Geirrginn. [eDIL Lism. L. (2396-2398)]
16. Fo-ceird uadh in teinid for lar, & ni ro mill cid brothairne don casal bui ime. Biblical/Hagiographic. from Betha Ciarain Clúana Mac Nois. [eDIL Lism. L. (4435-4436)]
c.f.: chasuble, planeta, cape
AF, Ir, L, ME, MdE, OE; Primarily Ecclesiastic/Regula.
Sex: Male    Use: Ecclesiastical    Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: Back, Chest, Shoulder(s).
References: Andrieu, M. (1931)
1b.1(n.) Garment; chasuble; specifically, as worn by a priest or bishop.(circa 700 - ante 1400)
1. transmitto vobis [sc. episcopo Wint.] casulam non olosiricam sed caprina lanugine mixtam et villosam ad tergendos pedes dilectionis vestreIn reference to a garment sent to a bishop, here described as made from a mixture of goat's hair and wool. (The DMLBS does not classify this use as refering to the ecclesiastical garment). Also found in NoifEp 63. [DMLBS BONIF. (Ep. 63) circa 745]
2. Ex eo ergo cotidie post matutinalem missam sacerdos, casula exutus, cum reliquis illius ministris misse eucharistiam ferrentes, precedentibus cereis et turibulo, cum omni congregatione eant ad uisitandum infirmum, canentes psalmos poenitentiales consequente letania et orationibus, ac unctione olei prima tantum die; demum communicetur of þam earnustlice dæghwamlice æfter capitelmæssan se sacerd mæssehacelan unscrydd mid oþrum þære þenum mæssan husel berende foresteppendum taperum & storcyllan mid ealre geferrædene gan to geneosigenne þære untruman singende sealmas dædbetende fyligendre letanian & gebedum & smyrelse eles on þam forman þæt an dæge æt nehstan si he gehuslud. [DOE RegCGl (Kornexl) (049600 (65.1566)) 970/1050]
3. Dum inuitati sacerdotes as infirmum fuerint uisitandi ungendique causa . qui eorum ad illud officium dignus . iure censeter induat se super humerali alba et stola cum phanone atque planeta si affuerit sin alias casula non induatur . diaconus uero qui euangelii textum . ferat et oleum infirmorum et ceroferarii secundum ordinem suum se induant . unus ceroferariorum dextra cereum . sinistra aquam benedictam teneat . alter uero dextra cereum . leuat urribulum . cum incensu sic induti cum domum in qua infirmus iacet intrare uoluerint. [LexP Lanalet Pont. (Doble) (131) circa 1000/1025]
4. archiepiscopus ... ex capella sua pretiosam casulam allatam panni diasperi ... precepit super altari offer[r]i et ea sacerdotem statim indui [DMLBS Chr. Witham (503) circa 1215]
5. astante illo ad altare et sacra missarum solemnia celebrante, Inimicus se exhibere non erubuit et oram casule nunc trahens, nunc excuciens, devocionis obsequium impedire laborabat [DMLBS NLA (I 103) ante 1350]
6. Sacerdos sacris vestibus indutus Christi vices gerit, ut Deum pro se et pro omni populo suo suppliciter et humiliter roget: habet ante se et post se Dominicæ Crucis signum ad memorandam jugiter Christi passionem. Ante se Crucem in casula portat, ut Christi vestigia diligenter inspiciat, et sequi frequenter studeat.From Thomas À Kempis's De Imitatione Christi, Book Four, "De dignitate Sacramenti, et statu Sacerdotali." [n/a *** unassigned *** (4,5,3 (Thom a Kempis de Imitatione christi))]
c.f.: chasuble
L; Primarily Ecclesiastic/Regula.
Sex: Male    Use: Ecclesiastical    Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: Back, Chest, Shoulder(s).
1b.2(n.) Garment; chasuble; specifically, as worn by a deacon or subdeacon.(ante 1100)
1. Subdiaconus, quoties casula induitur, exuat eam, dum legit epistolam; qua lecta, rursus ea induatur pistolrædere swa oft swa he mid mæssehacelan byþ gescryd he do of hi þænne he ræd pistel þam geræddum eft mid þære þe he si gescryd. [DOE Res (023600 (34.801))]
2. Diaconus uero, antequam ad euuangelium legendum accedat, exuat casulam et duplicans eam circumponat sibi in sinistra scapula, annectens alteram summitatem eius cingulo albe se diacon ær þam to godspelle to rædenne toga he do of mæssehacelan & twyfeldende hi onbutanlecge him on wynstran sculdran tocnyttende oþerne ende þære mid gyrdle alban. [DOE RegCGl (Kornexl) (023700 (34.803)) 970/1050]
L.
Sex: Male    Use: Ecclesiastical    Ceremonial: No
Body Parts: Back, Chest, Shoulder(s).
1c(n.) ; christening gown or robe.(circa 1225)
1. precipimus ut casule quibus noviter baptizati induuntur ad ecclesiam deportentur nec ad communes usus ... assumantur Ecclesiastic/Regula, Historic. [DMLBS Conc. Syn. (141) circa 1225]
L.
Sex: Infant    Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: Entire Body.

    Etymological Evidence:

Definite, Classical Latin; probably the diminutive form of Latin casa (house), see the Isidore citations above. For modern forms, see the entry for chasuble.
WF: Derivation
Etym Cog:
References: Falileyev, A. (2000)
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