Searchable Lemmata: planeta (L), planetum (L), planeta (OE), planete (ME).
1a(n.)
Garment;
overgarment; originally raingear, hooded according to Isidor. On the Continent, evidence suggests that when referring to a garment, the term originally referred to a cape in general use. Over time the term was used for a specific ecclesiastical vestment (see the following senses). In the British Isles the term probably referred to the chasuble only. Both vernacular orthographic variants of the term from the period are found in translations of Latin religious texts. The textual evidence increasingly describes the garment as being made from fine materials described as cendal, sindon or silk, as it became associated with official clerical dress.(ante 700 - post 1450)
1. Casula est vestis cucullata, dicta per diminutionem a casa, quod totum hominem tegat quasi minor casa. Inde et cuculla, quasi minor cella. Sic et Graece planetas, dicta quia oris errantibus evagantur. Unde et stellae planetae, id est vagae, eo quod vago sui errore motuque discurrunt.
[DOE ISID. Etym. (19.24,17) ante 700]
Sex: N/A Use: n/a Status: High Rank: High Ceremonial: No
Body Parts: Entire Body.
2a(n.)
Garment;
ecclesiastical vestment. Usually this vestment was worn above other vestments and often highly decorated. Michel Andrieu discusses the use of the term as it is found in the Roman Ordinals, on which the English citations are ultimately based [(1931)a, iv. 150-155]. Andrieu discovers a limited tendency to distinguish between the terms planeta (L) and casula (L), particularly in Ordinal XXXVI. Keefer (2007)a notes the tendency of Anglo-Saxon pontificals to do the same. The terms planet and casule are most closely distinguished in Roman Ordinal XXXVI (sense 2d, citation 1), where a priest exchanges a casule for a planet upon becoming a bishop. Depending on the author, the garment could symbolize the amour of faith [citations 10-11] or love, the highest of virtues [cf. sense 2b, citations 6-8].(circa 950 - circa 1483)
1. Aecclesiasticum quoque uestimentum ex parte habemus. Quomodo nominatur illa in latino sermone, dic mihi. Alba et stola, superhumerale, manualis, semicinthium, casula, planeta, palla id est palliolum, cupa habens uinum in se admissum, oleum almum in lechito.
[LexP Ælfric-Bata Coll (Gwara) (162) circa 1000]
4. Þonne seðe on þære geferræddene to þære þenunga nytwyrðost sy, scryde hine mid superhumerale and mid alban and stolan and handline and planetan, þæt is godwebben cæppe
[DOE Lit 5.11.1 (Fehr) (0005 (16))]
7. erat enim juvenis in obsequio Ricardi magnifici bellatoris atque Johannis regum Angliæ, cum quibus prius didicerat usum loricæ quam pontificalis planetæ, et acies castrorum disponere quam verbum fidei prædicare.
Historic.
[DMLBS M. PAR. (Maj. III 309n) circa 1250]
8. sed palliorum genera intueri licebat: togam candidam, togam palmatam, trabeam, paludamentum, diploidem, la[n]cernam, penulam, mantum, pretextam, planetam, casulam - deerant birri et melotes
[AND TLL (1,175,38-40) circa 1275]
9. planetam: pleyn (D) pal (T) pal hairunner (A) / casulam: chape close (CO) cap et pal close (A) cape close (D) chap close (L) pal vel cape cloce (T) ... reculas: de beubelés, beubelés vel jueus, beubloss [sic] , bebielés ... birri: cherouns ... levitonaria: escapeloris, heykis, ekies, heykes, scapoloris, happruns ... armilausas: espaulers, apaulers ... galearia: garland de or (var. chapeus de feutre)
Gloss.
[AND TLL (ii 50) circa 1275/1299]
10. [Abbas Robertus] obtulit duas pelves argenteas, pretio quinque marcarum, et duas planetas, aurifrigio ante et retro ornatas. Fecit etian thuribulum argenteum, emitque duo pallia optima, scilicet, de purpura imperiali, unum pretio centum solidorum; et inde capam fecit, ex altero, planetam.
Historic.
[DMLBS G.S. Alb. (I 179) circa 1390/1400]
Sex: Male Use: Ecclesiastical Status: High Rank: High Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: Back, Chest.
2b(n.)
Garment;
vestment conferred specifically upon the deacon, presbyter or bishop.(circa 950 - circa 1400)
2. INCIPIT BENEDICTIO AD STOLAS . UEL PLANETAS . QUANDO LEUITE SEU PRESBITERI ORDINANDI SUNT AUT ORDINATI QUIDEM ESSE REPPERIUNTUR. Deus inuictę uirtutis triumphator et omnium rerum creator ac sanctificator. intende propitius preces nostras et has stolas siue planetas leuiticę ac sacerdotalis gloriae ministris tuis frequentendas tuo proprio ore benedicere ac sanctificare consecrareque digneris …
[LexP Egbert Pont. (Banting) (22) circa 950]
4. Deus inuicte uirtutis triumphator. et omnium rerum creator ac sanctificator. intende propitius praeces nostras. et has stolas siue planetas leuiticae. ac sacerdotalis glorię ministris tuis fruendas ...
[LexP Sidney Pont. (Banting) (163) circa 1000]
5. exaudi propitius orationem nostram et hanc planetam famuli tui ill. Seu pudorem albam ac stolam cingulum orariumque dextera tua sancta benedicere sanctificare consecrareque et purificare digneris. Quatenus haec uestimenta ministris et leuitis ac sacerdotibus tuis ad diuinum cultum ornandum et explendum proficiant.
[LexP Egbert Pont. (Banting) (23) circa 950/1000]
6. In nostris autem sacerdotibus, predictis uestimentis superponitur casula, que alio nomine dicitur planeta. Et est conmunis uestis maiorum et minorum sacerdotum. Et significat caritatem que est quasi operimentum et figura omnium aliarum uirtutum. Et ideo casula superponitur omnibus aliis indumentis, quia caritas eminentior est omnibus aliis uirtutibus. Sicut ait apostolus: adhuc eminentiorem uiam uobis demonstro, scilicet caritatem.
[LexP Tho. Chobham Summa virt. (cap.2, line 413) circa 1220]
8. The chesipule or planete callyde, that es a-bouen othyr vestimentes, be-tokenz charite, that es excellente a-boune othyr vertuys : Casula, que, in alio nomine planeta, aliis vestibus superponitur, [signat] caritatem que ceteras uirtutes excellit.
Ecclesiastic/Regula.
[MED Spec.Chr.(1) (180,29-31)]
Use: Ecclesiastical Status: High Rank: High Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts:
2c(n.)
Garment;
priest's vestment.(circa 1000 - post 1450)
2. Dum inuitati sacerdotes as infirmum fuerint uisitandi ungendique causa . qui eorum ad illud officium dignus . iure censeter induat se super humerali alba et stola cum phanone atque planeta si affuerit sin alias casula non induatur . diaconus uero qui euangelii textum . ferat et oleum infirmorum et ceroferarii secundum ordinem suum se induant . unus ceroferariorum dextra cereum . sinistra aquam benedictam teneat . alter uero dextra cereum . leuat urribulum . cum incensu sic induti cum domum in qua infirmus iacet intrare uoluerint.
[LexP Lanalet Pont. (Doble) (131) circa 1000/1025]
3. Þonne seðe on þære geferræddene to þære þenunga nytwyrðost sy, scryde hine mid superhumerale and mid alban and stolan and handline and planetan, þæt is godwebben cæppe
[DOE Lit 5.11.1 (Fehr) (0005 (16))]
4. et tunc obdormiuit et in somnis uidebatur sibi uidere homines albis indutos, ingredients monestarium, ornantes altare quasi celebrandum; et post illos vidit magistrum Gilebertum sacerdotalibus indutum, et ut uidebatur ei planeta erat rubea
[DMLBS Conon. G. Sempr. (f. 150) circa 1175]
Sex: Male Use: Ecclesiastical Status: High Rank: High Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: Back, Chest.
2d(n.)
Garment;
bishop's vestment.(circa 850)
2. Incipit ordo in caena domini. in die in caena domini. ueniens in sacrarium episcopus et induens se sacris uestibus excepto planeta mesceat blasamum cum oleo unde crisma donfici debet.
[LexP Egbert Pont. (Banting) (147)]
Sex: Male Use: Ecclesiastical Status: High Rank: High Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: Back, Chest.
Hypothetical, Found in Isidore, where it is suggested that the term comes from the Greek πλανήτης, meaning 'a wanderer or user of paths', though there is not an attested form for a garment worn by these wanderers, or likely evangelists or pilgrims. The related noun for modern English planets is derived from the same meaning, a wandering celestial body. In Classical L as aa masc. noun, in medieval L develops fem. form.
WF: Derivation
Etym Cog: πλανήτης (Gk), pianeta (MdIt).
References:
Mayo, J. (1984)a, Johnstone, P. (2002)a, and Reynolds, R. (1999)a discuss the term in conjunction with chasuble (pp. 30-31, pp. 10-11, and p. 5 respectively). These historians see the development of the garment from Roman dress, in particular the Roman garment referred to as paenula (L). Moreover, the garment gradually became more ornate and decorative, often heavier, requiring an adaptation of form for its use during mass, for more detail, cf. chasuble.
