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sudary

.
Searchable Lemmata: sudarium (L), suaire (AF), sudarie (ME), sudary (OScots), sudary (MdE).
Alternate Forms: seoudaries, seudarie, sodori, suaere, suarie, suarium, sudare, sudari, sudarie, sudaries, sudario, sudariolum, sudariorum, sudore, sudurie, sueire, sueires, suere, suir.

    Definitions and Defining Citations:

1a(n.) Accessory; towel or facecloth; kerchief; originally the term refers to a towel or piece of cloth used to wipe away sweat, particularly of saints or other religious figues. In the later medieval period it was most prominently used of the cloth of Veronica (a vernicle), used to wipe the brow of Jesus on the way to Calvary (see sense 1b). That story does not appear in the canonical gospels and was unknown in the Anglo-Saxon period. From the fourteenth century it became a regular item of ecclesiastical dress and/or altar clothing (sense 1c).(circa 1000 - ante 1700)
1. Sudoriom : swatlin [DOE ClGl 3 (Quinn) (0265 (265))]
2. sudarium (find full text) [LexP Ord Res XPI (Norris) (1734)]
3. [16.19] ... Sum man was rich and was clothid in purpur and biys ether whit silk ... [19.20] ... Lord, lo! thi besaunt, which I hadde, kept in a sudarie, ether sweting cloth ... Biblical/Hagiographic. [MED WBible(1) ((Dc 369(2)) Luke 16.19-19.20) circa 1384]
4. [19.12] ... On syke men the sudaries, or swetyng clothis, or ny3t clothis, or girdils weren borun fro his body ... [19.24] ... Sum man, Demetrie by name, argentarie [WB(2): a worcher in siluer; L argentarius], makinge siluerene housis to Dian..3af to crafty men not litil wynnyng. Biblical/Hagiographic. [MED WBible(1) ((Dc 369(2)) Deeds 19.12-24) circa 1384]
5. When saynt James wist how al went, Gude socure ... to him he sent ... His sudari [vr. sodari] to him toke he..Þe childe þan toke þe appostels sudary ... Þe sudary on him he cast, And sudanly his bandes brast(work: c1375?) [MED NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl. ((Hrl 4196) 98/131,137,141) ante 1425]
6. Sodary, or sudary: Sudarium Gloss. [MED PParv. ((Hrl 221) 462) 1440]
AF, L, ME, MdE, OScots; Primarily Biblical/Hagiographic.
Sex: Male, Female    Use: n/a    Status: n/a    Rank: n/a    Ceremonial: No
Body Parts: Head.
1b(n.) Accessory; burial shroud or vernicle; particularly as used to wrap the head and face (used by Joseph of Aramathia to wrap Christ's face at the Deposition), or a cloth of St. Veronica (vernicle), a cloth thought to bear the image of Christ's face. Often overlap with sense 1a.(ante 1250 - circa 1450)
1. [1402] ... En sueires les (= martyrs) unt e mis e encusu ... [1412] ... De cheval n’osterunt ne sele ne panel ... [1469] ... Deslacent aventailles, heumes e chapeus Biblical/Hagiographic. (and cf. sense 1a) [AND S Aub (1402-1469) circa 1235]
2. Del suarie li tocha E le mort resuscita Biblical/Hagiographic. (and see sense 1a) [AND Enfances (1702) circa 1250/1300]
3. He that was deed cam forth, bounden the hondis and feet with bondis, and his face was boundun with a sudarie, or sweting cloth Biblical/Hagiographic. (and see sense 1a) [MED WBible(1) ((Dc 369(2)) John 11.44) circa 1384]
4. Þai toke þe cors þan þam bi-twene And lapped it in clathes clene, Obout þai band a sudary, Als custom was in þe Iewry Ecclesiastic/Regula. (dating uncertain; work: ?c1350) [MED NHom.(3) Pass. (3195) ante 1425]
5. O Ihesu, fore þi blesful face Þou betoke Veroneca bi grace Vpon here sudare, Þat face be me consolacion ... Þat day when I schal dye Poetic. [MED Audelay Poems ((Dc 302) 52/69) circa 1426]
6. [43] ... Flameum ... is a kerchi or ellis a large wympil mad of red silk all þinne with whech 3ong women hid her face ... [64] ... Of þe holy uernacle wil we speke now. Summe men clepe it þe sudary of crist; Of þis same grete relik ... geruasius ... seith ... þat þis woman þat had þis sudary in whech crist wipt his face whan he went to his passioun was martha(and see sense 1a) [MED Capgr.Rome ((Bod 423) 43-64) circa 1450]
c.f.: vernicle, veronica
AF, L, ME, MdE.
Sex: Male, Female    Use: Ecclesiastical    Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: Head.
1c(n.) Furnishing; derived from previous senses, a humeral veil; an oblong cloth worn over the shoulders and used to handle sacred objects; by extension, a cloth or veil used to drape over the chalice, such as a pall or corporal that is folded or arranged over the chalice; '? a veil for the ciborium' (MED, s.v. 'sudarie', referring to Rec.St.Stephen in Archaeol.50, 44).(1388 - post 1460)
1. [272] ... Eciam cape de dyaspins diversorum colorum ... [276] ... Sudaria pro patenis tenendis et oblacionibus ad missas faciendis sunt sex, quarum unum magnum pro magno calice ... Quintum de panno Serico, Sextum de rubio Sendal Accounts. [MED Invent.Westm.in Archaeol.52 (272-276) 1388]
2. Item ij sudaria de panno lineo ornata cum serico et filis sericis ... Item vj sudaria bona antique de serico stragulata et operata cum auro et serico diversi coloris. […] [LexP Invent. S. Paul. (Simpson) (515) 1402]
3. Also a olde sengil vestement of grene selk poudrid with floures ... Also ij olde crosses of laton & ij stanes for þe principall crosses & ij baner clothis. ... Also a sengel vestement of white busteyn for lent. ... v corporas for principall dayes, Also vj seoudaries corporas & a case ... Also ij sewdarie of lynne cloth enbraudid with gold ... Also vij pelewes of selk of diuers colours.(citations from individual page of text may not appear in original order) [MED Rec.St.Mary at Hill (27) 1432]
4. [38] ... j vestment of blewe chamlet enbraudet with whyte Roses, with stole, fanon, aube, amys, and alle þat longe for a preste. ... Item, j chesebyll of Ray wt a grene orfray ... [39] ... Item, j auter clothe playne Contenyng v yardis wt vij Rayes at euery ende ... j frontell for the fonte of blewe lynnen clothe frenchid with white, grene and Rede ... [42] ... Item, j lytyll clothe for weddynges, pauyd [read: panyd] wt rede and yollowe for to knele þeron ... [44] ... j Rode clothe ... j sudary of sylke and wt rays ouer thwerte ... j sudary of perpyll sylke wt iiij knoppys of syluer ouer gyldyd for þe Coupe. Accounts. '? a veil for the ciborium' (MED, s.v. 'sudarie'; citations from individual page of text may not appear in original order) [MED Rec.St.Stephen in Archaeol.50 (38-44) 1466]
L, ME, MdE, OScots.
Sex: N/A    Use: Ecclesiastical    Status: n/a    Rank: n/a    Ceremonial: Yes
Body Parts: N/A.
2(n.) Furnishing; by transference, a saddle cloth.(circa 1300)
1. sudario: suere, house Gloss. [AND Gloss Utensilium (63) circa 1300]
2. hec sudaria: suscele Gloss. [AND Gloss Glas ((3) 159)]
c.f.: subsellium
AF; Primarily Gloss.
Sex: N/A    Use: n/a    Status: n/a    Rank: n/a    Ceremonial: No
Body Parts: N/A.

    Etymological Evidence:

Definite, Latin (Luke 19:20, John 11:44, 20:7, Acts 19:12), ultimately from Classical L sudor (sweat).
WF: Borrowed into the British Isles
Etym Cog:
References:

    Art and Illustration:

Veiled hands holding holy objects in art are discussed in Coatsworth, E. (2012)h where it is suggested that the surviving textiles, the so-called velamen of St Relindis and the velamen of St Harlindis, now in Maaseik, Belgium, were humeral veils.
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